\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{array,amsmath,mathptmx,xcolor,bbding,pifont,colortbl}
\usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
% 只需要这个就可以
\usepackage[thicklines]{cancel}
% 可以设置线条颜色，默认是黑色
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz-cd}
\usepackage{tikz,graphicx,subfig,caption} % Required for drawing custom shapes
\usetikzlibrary{fit,matrix,chains,arrows,shapes,positioning,arrows.meta,chains,shadows,shapes.callouts,decorations.text,shapes.symbols,shapes.misc, positioning,decorations.pathreplacing,calc,backgrounds,}

% 额外添加
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\usepackage{diagbox}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{pifont}

\begin{document} 
	\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,every node/.style={anchor=south west,,inner sep=0,fill=white}]
		\node(formula)[anchor=north,align=left,fill=red!20,inner sep=0.3em] at (0,0){  
			$E \  \Rightarrow T \Rightarrow T*F{\textcolor{blue}{\{}}*{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} \Rightarrow F*F{\textcolor{blue}{\{}}*{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} \Rightarrow a{\textcolor{blue}{\{}}a{\textcolor{blue}{\}}}*F{\textcolor{blue}{\{}}*{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} \Rightarrow a{\textcolor{blue}{\{}}a{\textcolor{blue}{\}}}*(E){\textcolor{blue}{\{}}*{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} $\\
			$\phantom E \  \Rightarrow a {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}a{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} *(E+T {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}+{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} ) {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}*{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} \Rightarrow a {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}i{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} *(T+T {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}+{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} ) {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}*{\textcolor{blue}{\}}}$\\
			$\phantom E \  \Rightarrow a {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}a{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} *(b {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}b{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} +c {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}c{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}+{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} ) {\textcolor{blue}{\{}}*{\textcolor{blue}{\}}} $
		}; 
		\node(+)[anchor=north,align=center,fill=red!20,inner sep=0] at ([xshift=2.1em,yshift=-0.4em]formula.west){+};
		
		\node(note)[draw, fill=blue!20,rectangle callout,callout relative pointer={(-0.8,0.1)},rounded corners,align=center,inner sep=0.3em] at ([xshift=3em,yshift=-0.9em]formula.south){ 导出序列 };
	\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
